دانلود کتاب Learner English 2001

Learner English: A Teacher’s Guide to Interference and Other Problems by Michael Swan and Bernard Smith is a practical reference book for teachers of English as a foreign or second language. Its main purpose is to help teachers anticipate, understand, and address the characteristic difficulties experienced by learners from different linguistic backgrounds.

The book examines how the structure of a learner’s first language can influence their English. It discusses common problems in areas such as pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, sentence structure, and other patterns of learner error. Rather than treating mistakes as random, the authors explain how differences between the learner’s native language and English can contribute to predictable difficulties.

The second edition, published by Cambridge University Press in 2001, substantially expands the original work and covers learners from a wide range of linguistic backgrounds, including Farsi, Arabic, Turkish, French, German, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, Polish, Japanese, Chinese, Korean, South Asian, West African, Scandinavian, and Malay/Indonesian language backgrounds.

The book is particularly valuable for teachers because it provides a comparative perspective: by understanding the learner’s first language, a teacher can predict likely areas of difficulty and adapt instruction accordingly.

In short, the book answers a practical question:

How does a learner’s first language affect the way they learn English, and what can teachers do about the resulting problems?¹.